China The sheer pace of change is visible in every part of
Chinese life, from the economy to the still-young independent travel
industry. Travellers who visited China as little as ten years ago are
amazed to hear how much the place has opened up and how many more
liberal trends have emerged in the wake of the late Deng Xiaoping's free
market economics. For whatever reasons you are attracted to China - its
history, art, culture, politics or simply its inaccessibility - the
speed at which things are changing will ensure that your trip is a
unique one. The first thing that strikes
visitors to China is the extraordinary density of population: central
and eastern China do not have landscapes so much as peoplescapes. In the
fertile plains, villages seem to merge into one another, while the big
cities are endlessly sprawling affairs with the majority of their
inhabitants living in cramped shacks or in depressingly uniform
dormitory buildings. This doesn't mean that China is the same everywhere
- there are many regional variations in people and language; indeed,
some whole areas of the People's Republic are not populated by the
"Chinese", but by so-called minority peoples, of whom there are more
than two hundred distinct groups, ranging from the hill tribes of the
south to the Muslims of the northwest. Nevertheless, the most enduring
images of China are intrinsically Chinese ones: chopsticks, tea,
slippers, massed bicycles, shadow-boxing, exotic pop music, karaoke,
teeming crowds, Dickensian train stations, smoky temples, red flags and
the smells of soot and frying tofu - as well as the industrial vistas
you would expect from one of the world's largest economies. Away from
the cities, there is the sheer joy of crossing such a vast and ancient
land - from the green paddy fields and misty hilltops of the south, to
the mountains of Tibet, to the scorched, epic landscapes of the old Silk
Road in the northwest. And the Chinese, despite a reputation for
rudeness, are generally hospitable and friendly, though in the more
out-of-the-way places travellers are still considered something of an
oddity.
However, it would be wrong to pretend that it is an
entirely easy matter to penetrate modern China. Borders are open, visas
are readily distributed and the airports are teeming with foreigners,
but the standard tourist "sights" - the Great Wall, the Forbidden City,
the Terracotta Army - are relatively few considering the size of the
country. Indeed, historic architecture is scant to say the least, and
Chinese towns and cities lack that sense of history so palpable in the
great cities of Europe or the Middle East. The Communists, like all
dynasties before them, simply destroyed earlier showpieces. On top of
this are the frustrations of travelling in a land where few people speak
English and where foreigners are regularly viewed as exotic objects of
intense curiosity, or fodder for overcharging.
When planning a journey through China, bear in mind
that your trip is bound to involve an element of stress and hard work.
If you have lots of cities on your itinerary, try to fit in some small
towns as well, which tend to be cheaper as well as more relaxing. Don't
stick exclusively to the famous places and sights; often your most
interesting experiences will arise in places which least expect
tourists. Above all, if it's your first visit, try not to be in too much
of a hurry; take your time and be selective. If your budget is tight,
think about staying in just a few places and getting to know them rather
than undertaking lots of expensive and exhausting journeys. Even if
money is less of a problem, you might do well to forego too much travel
and opt instead for higher quality restaurants and hotels. Given the
inevitable frustrations of making arrangements, flexibility is essential
whatever your budget
Beihai, China
Beijing, China
Dongguan, China
Guangzhou, China
Haikou, China
Hong Kong, China
Macau, China
Nanjing, China
Qingdao, China
Shanghai, China
Shenzhen, China
Xiamen China
Xian, China |
Background:
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For centuries China stood as a leading civilization, outpacing
the rest of the world in the arts and sciences. But in the 19th
and early 20th centuries, China was beset by civil unrest, major
famines, military defeats, and foreign occupation. After World
War II, the Communists under MAO Zedong established a
dictatorship that, while ensuring China's sovereignty, imposed
strict controls over everyday life and cost the lives of tens of
millions of people. After 1978, his successor DENG Xiaoping
gradually introduced market-oriented reforms and decentralized
economic decision making. Output quadrupled by 2000. Political
controls remain tight while economic controls continue to be
relaxed. |
Location:
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Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow
Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam
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Land boundaries:
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total: 22,117 km
border countries: Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma
2,185 km, India 3,380 km, Kazakhstan 1,533 km, North Korea 1,416
km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Mongolia 4,677 km, Nepal
1,236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia (northeast) 3,605 km, Russia
(northwest) 40 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1,281 km
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Natural hazards:
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frequent typhoons (about five per
year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods;
tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence |
Population:
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1,298,847,624 (July 2004 est.)
|
Age structure:
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0-14 years: 22.3% (male
153,401,051; female 135,812,993)
15-64 years: 70.3% (male 469,328,664; female 443,248,860)
65 years and over: 7.5% (male 46,308,923; female
50,747,133) (2004 est.) |
Ethnic groups:
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Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur,
Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other
nationalities 8.1% |
Religions:
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Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Muslim
1%-2%, Christian 3%-4%
note: officially atheist (2002 est.) |
Languages:
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Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua,
based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese),
Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka
dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic groups entry)
|
Independence:
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221 BC (unification under the Qin or
Ch'in Dynasty 221 BC; Qing or Ch'ing Dynasty replaced by the
Republic on 12 February 1912; People's Republic established 1
October 1949) |
National holiday:
|
Anniversary of the Founding of the
People's Republic of China, 1 October (1949) |
Flag description:
|
red with a large yellow five-pointed
star and four smaller yellow five-pointed stars (arranged in a
vertical arc toward the middle of the flag) in the upper
hoist-side corner |
Currency:
|
yuan (CNY) note:: also
referred to as the Renminbi (RMB) |
Exchange rates:
|
yuan per US dollar - 8.28 (2003),
8.28 (2002), 8.28 (2001), 8.28 (2000), 8.28 (1999) |
|